A goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland, which can be caused by a variety of factors such as iodine deficiency, thyroid nodules, autoimmune disease, or certain medications. In some cases, a goiter may not cause any symptoms, but in others, it can cause difficulty breathing or swallowing, hoarseness, or a visible lump in the neck. Surgery is a treatment option for goiters that are causing symptoms or are suspected to be cancerous. The surgical procedure for goiter is called a thyroidectomy, which involves removing all or part of the thyroid gland. During a thyroidectomy, the surgeon makes an incision in the neck and carefully removes the thyroid tissue while avoiding damage to the surrounding nerves and blood vessels. If only part of the thyroid gland is removed, it's called a partial thyroidectomy, while the removal of the entire gland is called a total thyroidectomy. After the surgery, the patient may stay in the hospital for a day or two for monitoring and pain management. They will also need to take thyroid hormone replacement medication for the rest of their life, as the thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism and other bodily functions. As with any surgery, there are risks and potential complications associated with thyroidectomy, such as bleeding, infection, damage to the vocal cords or parathyroid glands, and hypothyroidism. It's important to discuss the risks and benefits of surgery with a qualified medical professional to determine if it's the right treatment option for your individual situation.